In this paper, we present an illumination specific HSV color coordinate system and show its usefulness for image highlight correction. We propose that the illumination specific HSV color coordinate system can be obtained by projecting the RGB color coordinates of any dielectric object, such as plastic, along the vector of the incident light source onto a plane perpendicular to the vector. By associating the projected coordinates with standard HSV color coordinates, the underlying color of a highlighted color image can be estimated.

Purpose: To introduce a specular microscopic reference image for endothelial vacuolation in donated corneas. Methods: Two corneas from a donor with diffuse, round to oval dark areas at the endothelial level on slit lamp biomicroscopy and one normal-appearing donor cornea underwent specular microscopy, histopathologic evaluation and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Specular microscopy of the two corneas with abnormal-looking endothelium revealed large numbers of dark, round to oval structures within the endothelium in favor of endothelial vacuolation. Light microscopy disclosed variable sized cyst-like structures within the cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy showed electronlucent and relatively large-sized intracytoplasmic vacuoles. These features were not observed in the endothelium of the normal cornea. Conclusion: The specular microscopic features of endothelial vacuolation in donated corneas were confirmed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, therefore the specular image may be proposed as a reference to eye banks.

Variation of electrical resistivity of Bismuth nanowire versus magnetic field and temperature are considered. We study the size effect and surface scattering of the carrier in thin wire for systems with ellipsoidal Fermi surfaces. Results are in good agreement with experimental points.

2Various researches have shown that Iran's educational system does not pay enough attention to cultural differences and mostly promotes the dominant and official national culture in an engineered way. The focus of these researches has been focused on the inputs of the educational system. The current research, relying on the mixed exploratory method, tried to examine both the inputs and educational processes in order to test the truth of this claim, whether such a claim is consistent with the reality in the educational system. In this way, in the qualitative part, first the teachers' lived experiences of the criteria that were considered for their selection and employment were analyzed (inputs), and then in the quantitative part, the teacher's success in the classroom was analyzed. It was predicted based on the mentioned criteria (processes). The findings of this research showed that scientific identity and ideological identity are valued in the recruitment of teachers, and because of this, criteria such as personal success, special privileges, and religious and moral foundations are put forward. However, it is only the teacher's personal success that can predict his success in the classroom. This shows that the ideological identity is only manifested in the inputs and is practically not institutionalized in the classroom and teaching processes. In this way, considering Iran's educational system as ideological does not match the realities of the educational system.

Background: Descemet stripping and automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) has gained widespread popularity in the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we evaluated the outcome of DSAEK in our center. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 patients, who had undergone DSAEK at least 12 months before in Khalili Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. On follow-up, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refractive errors and specular microscopy parameters were assessed. Results: The majority of the studied eyes (49. 2%) had a BSCVA within the range of 20/40 to 20/30. BSCVA was worse than 20/200 in 8 (13. 3%) patients; 6 (75%) patients showed graft failure and 2 (25%) patients had graft rejection. Mean post-operative astigmatism was 0. 29 1. 88 diopters. Themeanrefractive hyperopic shiftwas1. 30 1. 34 diopters. Specular microscopy indicated that 3 (5. 1%) patients had cell density of less than 700 cells/mm2, but in none of the patients cell density was less than 500 cells/mm2. Furthermore, hexagonality of endothelial cells in 50% of the eyes was 54% to 67%. Mean coefficient of variant was 27. 76%. Abnormal variations in specular microscopy findings were mostly confined to endothelial cell density, sparing other parameters. Conclusions: In general, results of this study demonstrated acceptable BSCVA in the average duration of one-year post-DSAEK regarding late complications such as graft failure, graft rejection and epithelial downgrowth.

Purpose: To evaluate corneal endothelial cell changes after intravitreal and subconjunctival injection of avastin (bevacizumab) based on specular microscopic findings.Methods: This prospective interventional study was performed on 82 eyes of 82 patients. Forty-two cases with ptrygia received a subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab (2.5mg/0.2ml) and 40 diabetic subjects with retinal neovascularization or macular edema received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.1ml). Specular microscopy, including corneal endothelial cell count, size and shape, was performed in all patients for the injected eye before, and one and three month after injection and the results were compared and analyzed.Results: There was no change in the corneal endothelial cells count after one month but there was mild reduction of endothelial cells after 3 months which was not statistically significant. (P=0.75 and 0.29, respectively).Conclusion: Subconjunctival and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (up to 1.25 mg/0.1 ml and 2.5 mg/0.2 ml, respectively) entails no harmful effect on human corneal endothelial cells up to three months following the injection.

Introduction: Pupil and iris disorders form an important category of eye diseases. Accurate segmentation of the pupil is the first and most important step in the automatic diagnosis of diseases related to the pupil and iris. Most of the existing methods do not have enough accuracy and are sensitive to the effects of noise and specular spot reflection. In addition, the images used in these methods usually have limitations, such as the viewing angle. Method: In the proposed algorithm, a stable method is offered to remove the effects of specular spot reflection in the pupil, and necessary preprocessing is done to detect the exact location of the pupil. An optimized color mapping algorithm is proposed and the mapping is calculated with the help of the LM algorithm to accurately determine the pupil boundary. This method does not impose any restrictions on the eye image and shape, and the angle of the pupil in the image can be in any shape and direction. Results: The proposed method does not assume any specific model as the final pupil boundary (circle or oval) and is robust to noise and specular reflection factors as well. This method has been able to accurately detect the pupil boundary with the accuracy of 98. 8% using UBIRIS dataset and 98% using the collected data by authors. Conclusion: The method presented in this paper can be used to increase the accuracy in determining the internal and external border of the iris to diagnose diseases related to the pupil and iris, as well as identity identification based on iris tissue.

Epinephrine is frequently used in cataract surgery to dilate the pupil. To determine the effects of different concentrations of pure epinephrine on the corneal endothelial cells, forty-two eyes of twenty-one rabbits were randomly allocated into five groups. Solutions containing balanced salt solution, 1/500,000 epinephrine, 1/100,000 epinephrine,1/50,000 epinephrine, and 1/10,000 epinephrine were injected into the anterior chamber of the eyes of the five groups. Changes in the corneal cell density and polymegathism were assessed using specular biomicroscope, before, 2 hours and one week after the injection. The results showed that there was no significant difference in cell density and polymegathism among the five groups. Intracameral injection of pure epinephrine does not produce toxic effects on corneal endothelial cells in the rabbit.